- Opposition of Proposition – the difference as to quantity or quality or both of two propositions having the same subject term and predicate term.
- contradictory – difference of two propositions as to quantity and quality such that one is necessarily the negation of the other. Both cannot be true but both cannot be false.
If one is true, the other is false and vice-versa
A vs O
E vs I
- contrary – difference as to quality of two universal propositions. Both cannot be true but both can be false.
If one is true, the other is false; if one is false the other is
doubtful.
A vs E
- subcontrary – difference of two particular propositions as to quality. Both can be true but both cannot be false.
If one is false the othet is true; if one is true the other is
doubtful.
I vs O
- subalternate – difference as to quantity of two propositions having the same quality, between a universal proposition (superaltern) and its corresponding particular (subaltern).
If the superaltern is true, the subaltern is also true but not
vice-versa. If the subaltern is false, the superaltern is also
false but not vice-versa.
A vs I
E vs O
A being true | E is false | I is true | O is false |
E being true | A is false | I is false | O is true |
I being true | E is false | A is doubtful | O is doubtful |
O being true | A is false | E is doubtful | I is doubtful |
A being false | O is true | E is doubtful | I is doubtful |
E being false | I is true | A is doubtful | O is doubtful |
I being false | A is false | E is true | O is true |
O being false | A is true | E is false | I is true |
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